{"id":22595,"date":"2022-04-28T17:10:46","date_gmt":"2022-04-28T15:10:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.auxsons.com\/?post_type=focus&#038;p=22595"},"modified":"2022-05-09T10:27:01","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T08:27:01","slug":"music-and-resistance-to-state-violence-the-soundscape-of-colombias-2021-national-strike","status":"publish","type":"focus","link":"https:\/\/www.auxsons.com\/en\/focus\/music-and-resistance-to-state-violence-the-soundscape-of-colombias-2021-national-strike\/","title":{"rendered":"Music and resistance: the soundscape of Colombia\u2019s 2021 national strike"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Wooden spoons clanking against metal casseroles. Drums and voices singing Bullerengue among protestors in the streets. Rappers denouncing state violence on social media. Vogue artists dancing in front of heavily armed riot control units. Tanks and projectiles firing into a multitude of voices chanting in unison:<em>&nbsp;Resistance, resistance.<\/em>&nbsp;For a few months during&nbsp;2021, the Colombia National Strike of 2021 took on an unstoppable force, invigorated by the&nbsp;music that is so inextricable from the country\u2019s culture. In the face of violence and injustice,&nbsp;artists took to the streets and took their art with them: to heal, to unite, to resist, to&nbsp;denounce.<\/p>\n<p>The 2021 Colombia National Strike erupted on April 28, following the proposition for a new tax reform bill - protest that continued and blossomed into a widespread mobilization against Ivan Duque\u2019s government, state violence, poverty, corruption, and inequality. These protests saw the deaths of 80 civilian victims in the hands of police, more than 800 disappeared protesters and countless human rights violations, especially against students and young people. The strike achieved the destitution of the finance minister Alberto Carrasquilla as well as the withdrawal of the tax reform bill, but similar to strikes in previous years there was no real response to historic claims of continued state violence. Colombian artists were able to show these claims to the world through music - using art as a medium to unite the people and convey a stronger message. The protests saw the rise of many new artists across genres that released songs denouncing inequality and state violence. These artists, many coming from the most marginalized and violence-ridden places of Colombia, were able to use art to convey complex collective feelings, ranging from unconformity and anger to sadness and despair, to hope and&nbsp;unity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jhon Jota <em>- Resistencia<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Resistencia - Jhon Jota\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WC47NH5iciI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>This is the case of John Jota, a 20 year old rapper from the indigenous Nasa community of the Cauca department of Colombia who says <em>\u201cI walk the word and the word is&nbsp;resistance \/ my only armor is art\u201d<\/em>. His song <em>Resistance<\/em> talks about the violent realities of&nbsp;his territory and encourages protesters in Cali, Cauca\u2019s capital, sending a message to the&nbsp;president that <em>\u201cthe people stand their ground\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Other Colombian hip hop artists such as the young Hendrix Hinestroza used their influence and the strength of social media to denounce social injustice through hip hop, showing how digital tools can be an effective way of modern protest.<\/p>\n<p>Mobilizations were also often accompanied by bullerengue bands, a musical genre of the Colombian Caribbean characterized by African drums and female-led singing that invites question response type choirs from the crowds. Using the sounds of bullerengue, these bands invited protesters to join in singing and dancing, creating outlets for collective grief as well as collective healing with this traditional music. New songs were released from these bullerengue spaces, for example the song <em>Guayabo<\/em>&nbsp;from the band La Perla, an all-female band who was seen often playing and marching alongside protesters in Bogot\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La Perla <em>- Guayabo<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"GUAYABO - Videoclip\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tFlCCO7QAmI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The song is a&nbsp;scathing description of Colombian state violence and people\u2019s fight for peace, directly&nbsp;addressing the government, and referencing the strike\u2019s slogans in its lyrics like <em>\u201cThey have&nbsp;stolen so much from us that we have even lost our fear\u201d<\/em> as well as incorporating elements of&nbsp;the mobilization soundscape, like the noises of people hitting empty pans and casseroles as a form of protest.<\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<p>Other artists were also inspired by the events and chants from the mobilizations, like&nbsp;Edson Velandia and Adriana Lizcano, who released two satirical music videos during the&nbsp;national strikes addressing many right-wing perceptions of protesters as lazy people who&nbsp;want everything for free or as infiltrated by armed groups. The former single, <em>Todo Regalao<\/em>&nbsp;turns that narrative around by saying that the ruling class wants everything for free,&nbsp;denouncing tax exemptions, misuse of public funds and corruption with lyrics such as <em>\u201cThe&nbsp;pearls of the queen; we pay for them\/ The lazy senator\u2019s salary; we pay for it\/ Why is it<\/em>&nbsp;<em>that rich people want everything for&nbsp;free?\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Edson Velandia <span class=\"amp\">&amp;<\/span> Adriana Lizcano<em> - Todo Regalao<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Edson Velandia &amp; Adriana Lizcano - Todo Regalao\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0LLIkGUwIr4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The latter <em>El infiltrado<\/em> re-interprets a popular&nbsp;anti-police protest chant where large crowds of people jump together while repeatedly&nbsp;singing \u201c<em>El que no salte es tombo\u201d \/ \u201cIf you don\u2019t jump you\u2019re a cop\u201d. Using the same base rhythm of the chant, Velandia and Lizcano jump while singing \u201cIf you don\u2019t jump you are the infiltrate \/ Everyone knows who infiltrates the marches \/ The indigenous people know it, the <span class=\"caps\">LGBTQ<\/span> people know it \/ The students know it, the truckers know it \/ If you don\u2019t jump you are the infiltrate\u201d.&nbsp;<\/em>The songs\u2019 lyrics imply that the infiltrator might be the policemen. The song also celebrates the taking down of colonial monuments during the protests and directly addresses the president and government as criminals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Edson Velandia<em> - El infiltrado<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Edson Velandia y Adriana Lizcano - El Infiltrao\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_g2-50dk990?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Other already-known national artists actively participated in the National Strike with musical performances to fight civilian indifference. An example was a surprise a capella performance in the Medellin metro, sung by La Muchacha, Briela Ojeda and Lianna. Letting their voices pierce the quiet train, the artists sang <em>\u201cAqu\u00ed la gente para, el&nbsp;estado dispara\u201d\/ \u201cHere when people strike, the state shoots\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Lianna, Briela Ojeda y La Muchacha - <em>Aqu\u00ed la gente para, el Estado dispara, la canci\u00f3n sobre el Paro Nacional<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Aqu\u00ed la gente para, el Estado dispara, la canci\u00f3n sobre el Paro Nacional\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XCVVqVmg19g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The role of national orchestras and musical groups doing public performances was also significant during the National Strike, with musicians presenting alternative or creative forms of protest to ask for peace and bring public attention to the&nbsp;issue.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Les dejo el video del minuto de silencio de hoy. Gracias a mis queridos m\u00fasicos. \u2665\ufe0f\u2665\ufe0f\u2665\ufe0f (Y gracias Twitter por acogerme en tus brazos) <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/VomqIaNntJ\">pic\u200b.twitter\u200b.com\/\u200bV\u200bo\u200bm\u200bq\u200bI\u200ba\u200bN\u200bntJ<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Susana Boreal (@SusanaBoreal) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SusanaBoreal\/status\/1390115710161072130?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 6,&nbsp;2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\">Finally, internationally well known Colombian artists such as Shakira, Kali Uchis, Aterciopelados, Lido Pimienta and the band Chocquibtown released statements in support of the Colombian people and against violence, using their fame to bring visibility to the situation in Colombia. Notably, artists that did not use their international platforms to show their support or were perceived to remain impartial, like reggaeton singer J Balvin, faced enormous backlash and lost followers.<\/p>\n<p>The chants used during the national strike also became key musical elements that shaped people\u2019s motivations and demands. One of the strike\u2019s anthems was a reinterpretation of the ubiquitous and world-known song <em>Bella Ciao<\/em> - but this time, adapted to ask for the destitution of the President, \u201c<em>Duque Chao<\/em>\u201d or <em>\u201cBye Duque\u201d.<\/em> One of the adapted lyrics of this song directly states <em>\u201cIf your government keeps&nbsp;killing, we won\u2019t stop marching\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Duque Chao<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Duque chao!!\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BqY0aj31RHs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Other chants were adapted into the popular music and&nbsp;dance of protest hotspots, such as the musical genre Salsa Choque in Cali. This mix of salsa,&nbsp;reggaeton and afrobeat from the Pacific Coast was brought to Cali by afro-colombian&nbsp;populations forcibly displaced from Tumaco because of the internal conflict. Cali was one of&nbsp;the places that saw the most resistance and violence during the national strike, so&nbsp;incorporating chants into this lively beat that people could dance to became a source of&nbsp;unity.<\/p>\n<p class=\"title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer\"><strong><em>1, 2, 3 Uribe Paraco<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Uribe paraco hp ... 1,2,3 Stop ..\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9FBtsgMD7hg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A crowd of people are shown dancing salsa choke and singing a chant that insults a right wing ex-president called \u00c1lvaro Uribe with the lyric<em> \u201c1, 2, 3 Uribe&nbsp;paramilitary\u201d.<\/em> Other forms of creative resistance through dance were seen through the&nbsp;actions of the <span class=\"caps\">LGBTQ<\/span> community, a key group during the National Strike with a history of&nbsp;protesting against police violence.<\/p>\n<p>A viral instagram video showed three masked dancers, Axid, Neni Nova and Piisciis, doing Voguing, a stylized modern house dance, in front of heavily armed members of the anti riot police, being cheered on by the crowd protesting in Bogot\u00e1s central plaza.<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"RESISTENCIA \ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf4\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\ud83c\udf08\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f \ud83d\udea8\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/V2NyG7AdW-Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This form of queer musical resistance and the bravery that it took to&nbsp;execute it in such a context of state repression was later explained by the lead dancer Piisciis,&nbsp;on their instagram: \u201c<em>In moments like these when we are being censored, art must continue to be the path the towards light and visibility that we need\u2026When we raise our bodies and our <\/em><em>voices, the world listens\u201d<\/em>. Since National Strikes with similar demands have been happening over the past 4 years, many chants and songs carry the meanings of previous strikes, reminding people of long-standing indignation. For instance, Ninio Sacro\u2019s 2019 National Strike anthem<em> Yo March\u00e9<\/em> was widely shared in 2021, as it compiles reasons why the people were striking in<br>\n2019 that were very similar to&nbsp;2021.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ninio Sacro<em> -Yo&nbsp;March\u00e9<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Yo March\u00e9 - Ninio Sacro [CANCI\u00d3N OFICIAL DEL PARO NACIONAL] [Ockrams On The Beat]\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xnfuYI1ecEY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>However, some new anthems featuring key actors of the&nbsp;national strike came out in 2021, notably the Anthem of the Indigenous Guard, featuring the&nbsp;nation-wide Minga organization of indigenous peoples and the struggle <em>\u201cPor mi raza, por mi <\/em><em>tierra \/ For my race, for my&nbsp;land\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Parranderos del Cauca ft. Andrea Echeverry, Ali Aka Mind, Am\u00f3s Pi\u00f1eros, Chane Meza, La Perla, Carlos Arturo Villamarin, Derly Eliced Musse Pasu, Eulalia Yagari y Gregorio Merchan - <em>Himno de la Guardia Ind\u00edgena - Guardia Fuerza&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Himno de la Guardia Ind\u00edgena - Guardia Fuerza ft. Andrea Echeverry, Ali Aka Mind, Chane Meza ...\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uwR6VgQ1mOE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Singing at the top of their lungs, unified in a common fight lulled by music and support songs and directed by artists, Colombians took to the streets for almost 4 months. Even though the National Strike finally ended and left many unconformities and pain for the people of Colombia, the musical legacy of the strike remains as a witness of the resistance of Colombian people against violence, and as an antidote for oblivion in the collective imaginary of the country.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wooden spoons clanking against metal casseroles. Drums and voices singing Bullerengue among protestors in the streets. Rappers denouncing state violence on social media. Vogue artists dancing in front of heavily armed riot control units. Tanks and projectiles firing into a multitude of voices chanting in unison:&nbsp;Resistance, resistance.&nbsp;For a few months during&nbsp;2021, the Colombia National Strike<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":271,"featured_media":22623,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-22595","focus","type-focus","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Music and resistance: the soundscape of Colombia\u2019s 2021 national strike - #AuxSons<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Wooden spoons clanking against metal casseroles. Drums and voices singing Bullerengue among protestors in the streets. 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