{"id":13419,"date":"2020-11-30T10:05:50","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T09:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.auxsons.com\/?post_type=focus&#038;p=13419"},"modified":"2020-12-07T12:05:13","modified_gmt":"2020-12-07T11:05:13","slug":"mogoya","status":"publish","type":"focus","link":"https:\/\/www.auxsons.com\/en\/focus\/mogoya\/","title":{"rendered":"Mogoya"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>My son comes into the kitchen with a stack of dirty plates and dumps them in the sink. I ask him to put them in the dishwasher. He walks out in a sulk. The former President of Mali\u2019s son, Karim Keita, is filmed sipping Mo\u00ebt and Chandon on a luxury yacht somewhere near the Balearic islands, surrounded by hot young flesh, while many Malian citizens are wondering where their next few meals are coming from, or whether it\u2019s safe enough to travel to their local market to buy grain. To varying degrees, both my son and the former President\u2019s son are guilty of flouting the principles of <em>mogoya<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Mogoya is a Mand\u00e9 word that\u2019s often translated as \u2018human-ness\u2019 or \u2018person-hood\u2019. I find that translation unsatisfactory because a human or a person can be good or bad. A better approximation is the Yiddish word \u2018mensch\u2019. A \u2018mogo\u2019 is a mensch, and \u2018mogoya\u2019 is mensch-ness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oumou Sangar\u00e9 - <em>Mogoya<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Oumou Sangar\u00e9 interpr\u00e8te &quot;Mogoya&quot; \u00e0 la Fiesta des Suds\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/49dfoAKz83M?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Everyone you talk to has their own definition of mogoya. To Oumou Sangare, who released an album called <em>Mogoya<\/em> in 2017 (and has since followed it up remixed and acoustic versions), the word means \u201chumanity\u201d and \u201chonesty.\u201d The ngoni master Bassekou Kouyate describes a person with mogoya as \u201csomeone who\u2019s incorruptible, someone who\u2019ll never betray you, never be jealous, never wish ill on anyone.\u201d According to the rapper Ami Yerewolo, to have mogoya is \u201cto be there for the other, to love each other, to help each other.\u201d Cherif Keita, professor of French and the Liberal Arts at Carleton College in Minnesota and biographer of Salif Keita, believes the basic principle of mogoya \u201cis the knowledge that you come into the world in other people\u2019s hands, and you also leave the world in other people\u2019s hands. Mogoya recognizes that dependence on community, on your fellow human.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bassekou Kouyate <span class=\"amp\">&amp;<\/span> Ngoni Ba (Live at M\u00fcpa Budapest)<\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Bassekou Kouyate &amp; Ngoni Ba (Live at M\u00fcpa Budapest)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mkcxuiXq0F0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mogoya belongs to that substratum of African spirituality that predates the arrival of Islam or Christianity. The word encompasses the institutions and attributes that make it possible for human beings to live together in peace and harmony: the village, the extended family, the exterior \u2018social\u2019 self, the care and education of children, respect for elders and ancestors, honesty, humility, cooperation, tolerance and respect. It subsumes social principles and habits that have underpinned Mand\u00e9 societies for centuries, from <em>horonya<\/em> (\u2019nobility\u2019), to <em>danb\u00e9<\/em> (\u2018dignity\u2019) to <em>senankouya<\/em> (\u2018jocular inter-ethnic relationships\u2019or the ability of someone from one ethnic group to take the mickey out of someone from another group without it leading to violence).<\/p>\n<p>Pitted against mogoya are the forces of darkness and discord: the wild bush country beyond the village, the \u2018interior\u2019 private self, destructive individuality, narrow self-interest, jealousy, arrogance and greed. And above all, lust for&nbsp;money.<\/p>\n<p>The Bantu concept of <em>ubuntu<\/em> is almost identical to mogoya. At Nelson Mandela\u2019s funeral, Barack Obama described ubuntu as a word that captures Mandela\u2019s greatest gift: \u201chis recognition that we are all bound together in ways that are invisible to the eye; that there is a oneness to humanity; that we achieve by sharing with other, and caring for those around us.\u201d He might just as well have been talking about mogoya.<\/p>\n<p>The crucial point is that at birth, a human being is a mere animal\u2013a wild, untamed homo sapiens. She or he must acquire mogoya in order to become a fully rounded person who\u2019s easy to live with. It\u2019s a lifelong process, and in traditional society it began when a baby heard her mother\u2019s lullabies and continued with the stories, riddles, dances, music and theatre that were gifted by grandparents, extended family, the village and, in the Mande world, the griots.<\/p>\n<p>By gradual osmosis, the child absorbed the wisdom of the ancestors and acquired a strong sense of her own identity, her place in the world, the difference between right and wrong. The acquisition of mogoya then proceeded through a pre-defined system of initiations and membership of year-groups and associations, through adolescence, adulthood, old age and finally death and re-entry into the invisible world of the ancestors and spirits. Education was about learning to live with others, first and foremost. Curiosity, innovation and individual brilliance were seen as secondary concerns, or even dangers to be avoided.<\/p>\n<p>But that was then. Nowadays, Malians spend more time lamenting the death of mogoya than living by its precepts. It\u2019s telling that Oumou Sangare\u2019s album was released in Mali under the title <em>Bi Mogoya<\/em>, or \u2018Today\u2019s Mogoya.\u2019&nbsp; Considering all the tales of deception, dishonesty and sexual infidelity in the lyrics of its songs, the title makes perfect sense.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"dquo\">\u201c<\/span>Here in Africa we had certain values that are being lost,\u201d Oumou told me back in 2017. \u201cThe African is very poor, but very correct. When an African says, \u2018Yes, I\u2019ll do that,\u2019 he\u2019ll do it, without a contract or anything. He\u2019ll do it because he gave his word. But now, it\u2019s the opposite.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>(\u2026) to be continued \u2026 <\/em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auxsons.com\/en\/focus\/mogoya-episode-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read episode 2 of this article<\/a><\/strong> !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mogoya is a Mand\u00e9 word that\u2019s often translated as \u2018human-ness\u2019 or \u2018person-hood\u2019. I find that translation unsatisfactory because a human or a person can be good or bad. A better approximation is the Yiddish word \u2018mensch\u2019. A \u2018mogo\u2019 is a mensch, and \u2018mogoya\u2019 is mensch-ness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":271,"featured_media":13411,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13419","focus","type-focus","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mogoya - #AuxSons<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mogoya is a Mand\u00e9 word that\u2019s often translated as \u2018human-ness\u2019 or \u2018person-hood\u2019. I find that translation unsatisfactory because a human or a person can be good or bad. A better approximation is the Yiddish word \u2018mensch\u2019. 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